The Pruimboom Institute, a world-class training facility in clinical psychoneuroimmunology, is founded by Dr. Leo Pruimboom.

Dr. Leo Pruimboom. The multiple faces of the human immune system: Modern life causes low-grade inflammation and thereby provokes conflict between the selfish immune system and the selfish brain. [Thesis]. Groningen: University of Groningen; 2017. 332 p.

Dr. Leo Pruimboom’s research and knowledge in PNI allows him to develop, direct and deliver the 1st training program in clinical PNI. He founds KPNI.  

Dr. Candance Pert and her team find neurotransmitter and neuropeptide receptors on the cell walls of both the immune system and the brain. J. E. Blalock discovers a bidirectional circuit linking the immune system with the endocrine system. Pert CB, Ruff MR, Weber RJ, Herkenham M. Neuropeptides and their receptors: a psychosomatic network. J Immunol 1985 Aug;135(2 Suppl):820s-826s. J.E. Blalock, E.M. Smith. A complete regulatory loop between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Fed. Proc., 44 (1985), pp. 108-111.

Dr. David Felten and colleagues discover a network of nerves that leads to blood vessels and cells of the immune system, providing the 1st indication of how neurological and immune systems connect. John M. Williams, David L. Felten. Sympathetic innervation of murine thymus and spleen: a comparative histofluorescence study. Anat Rec 1981; 199: 531-42.

Dr. Robert Ader and Dr. Cohen demonstrate how immune responses can be modified by classical conditioning. They coined the term “psychoneuroimmunology”. Ader R., & Cohen N. Behaviourally conditioned immunosuppression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1975. 37(4), 333–340.

Dr Hans Selye publishes a study that describes, for the first time, the physiological response to stress. Selye Hans. A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents. Nature. 1936 July 4;138:32.